DNA - Why and What?
Welcome to the exciting world of genetic genealogy! If you're brand new to this, don't worry, it's easier than you might think.
Genetic genealogy is simply using your DNA to learn about your family history and connect with relatives. Think of it as another tool in your genealogy toolbox, working alongside traditional records like birth certificates and marriage licenses.
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Why would you want to do DNA testing for family history?
There are several great reasons, even if you already know a lot about your family tree:
To create a unique record of your family. Your DNA is a one-of-a-kind record of your genetic history, just like other important documents. It represents you and your family in a way no other record can.
To connect with living relatives you might not know. DNA tests can reveal biological connections to cousins – second, third, even more distant – who have also taken tests. It's a chance to find new family members!
To help verify your existing family tree. Seeing these DNA cousin matches can provide evidence that the genealogy research you've already done is on the right track.
To potentially uncover unexpected information. Sometimes, DNA testing can reveal surprises about your family history, like adoptions or previously unknown relatives.
To help others with their family history research. Your DNA can provide a vital link for someone else who is trying to break through a "brick wall" in their ancestry.
What are the three main types of DNA tests commonly used for genealogy?
Autosomal DNA (atDNA): This is the most common type of test. It looks at DNA you inherited from both your mother and your father, giving you a broad view of your family tree. It can connect you with cousins on both sides of your family within the last few generations. Most major testing companies offer this type of test.
Y-DNA: This test is only for males because it analyses the Y chromosome, which is passed down directly from father to son. It tells you about your direct paternal line – your father's father's father's line.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): This test analyses DNA passed down from a mother to all of her children (both sons and daughters). However, only daughters will pass it on to the next generation. This test reveals information about your direct maternal line – your mother's mother's mother's line.
It's important to remember that DNA testing is a complement to traditional genealogy, not a replacement. It works best when you combine your DNA results with your existing family tree research and historical records.
One of the most exciting parts of DNA testing is finding DNA cousin matches. These are other people who have also taken a DNA test and share some of your DNA, indicating a family connection. By looking at their family trees (if they have them) and how much DNA you share, you can start to figure out how you might be related.
You'll also likely get an ethnicity estimate with your results, which attempts to tell you the geographic origins of your ancestors. However, keep in mind that these are just estimates and can change as testing companies refine their methods and reference populations. The cousin matches are generally more useful for genealogical research than the ethnicity estimates.
So, even if you think you know your family tree, DNA testing offers a unique and valuable way to connect with your past and present relatives. It can be a fun and rewarding journey of discovery!